See ciosać in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"text": "Yakom ia bil[i] poslem ot ksyenye do Przibky, aby przyyala ku granyczam tego dnya, kedy czyosny czyosany Alii in testimonium: Yako tho swyadczø, ysze kszyeny slala Bogusza do Przibky, aby przyyala ku graniczam tego dnya, gdi czyosny czyosani",
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"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sire\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*teḱ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tetḱ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*téśtei\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tesàti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciosać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"ciosać\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1418"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1418",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *teḱ-\nProto-Indo-European *tetḱ-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *téśtei\nProto-Slavic *tesàti\nOld Polish ciosać\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *tesàti. First attested in 1418.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "ciosać impf",
"name": "zlw-opl-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieś"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieśla"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieślica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cieślina"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "nacios"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ociosanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "przecieś"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "przecios"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zacios"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish transitive verbs",
"Silesia Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
36
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1418], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici, volume VIIIa, page 145:",
"text": "Pro octo capeciis yanszosy czosanego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
104
],
[
233,
241
]
],
"ref": "1974 [1423], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kaliskie, volume IV, number 694, Kalisz:",
"text": "Yakom ia bil[i] poslem ot ksyenye do Przibky, aby przyyala ku granyczam tego dnya, kedy czyosny czyosany Alii in testimonium: Yako tho swyadczø, ysze kszyeny slala Bogusza do Przibky, aby przyyala ku graniczam tego dnya, gdi czyosny czyosani",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
40,
50
]
],
"ref": "1868 [1456], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XIV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 487:",
"text": "Pro centum arboribus yiolenter receptis czossanego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
50
]
],
"ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 5:",
"text": "Receperunt sibi violenter centum arbores czosanego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"ref": "1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 8:",
"text": "Pro recepcione violenta centum arborum al. czosanego",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
105
]
],
"ref": "1868 [1462], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XV (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 424:",
"text": "Patruus tuus[…] exaccomodavit[…] quadraginta septem robora[…] elaboratu al. czterdzesczy p[…] czyossanych",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"ref": "1977-1980 [c. 1470], urowska-Górowska Wanda, Kyas Vladimir, editors, Mamotrekty staropolskie, Lubin, page 101:",
"text": "Inpollito na czosanym",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 98:",
"text": "Czoschana fabricata",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
37
],
[
61,
69
]
],
"ref": "1874 [1494], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące, volume XIII, page 2452:",
"text": "Robora conduxit pro stuba XX czoszane[…], a quibus roboribus czoszane dedit 1/2 marcam",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
106,
116
]
],
"ref": "1981-2001 [c. 1500], Elżbieta Belcarzowa, editor, Glosy polskie w łacińskich kazaniach średniowiecznych, volume I, Trzemeszno, page 85:",
"text": "Illi autem abeuntes accepta licencia munierunt zapyaczatovaly sepulcrum sigillis et lapide magno tabulato czyoszanym advolverunt",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew trees"
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"Old Polish transitive verbs",
"Silesia Old Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"to hew trees",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"Old Polish transitive verbs",
"Silesia Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
27
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV ex.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXV, Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, page 147:",
"text": "Arbores concidere czyoszacz",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew trees",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"to cut down, to fell"
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"cut down",
"cut down"
],
[
"fell",
"fell"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland; Silesia; attested in Lesser Poland; attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland, Silesia, transitive) to hew trees",
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"(attested in Lesser Poland) to cut down, to fell"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
69
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 20, 25:",
"text": "Apaklybi oltarz kamyenny uczynylbi nye bødzesz gego dzelacz sczyosane go kamyenya Bo podnyosllybi nosz swoy nadnym zmazan bødze",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
113,
120
]
],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 22, 2:",
"text": "Yprzikazal abi bily sebrany wszitci wipowyedzeny z zemye Israhelskey yvstawyl znych lamacze abi lamaly kamyenye acyøsaly abi dzalan bil dom bozi",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
13
]
],
"ref": "1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 52:",
"text": "Na czoschanem in polito",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew stone"
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to hew stone"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish hapax legomena",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
],
[
50,
52
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1436], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 2287, Zakroczym:",
"text": "O ktore czossni na mya Iunoscha szalowal, thom ya czossal y gagyl w sswem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to nick, to notch"
],
"links": [
[
"nick",
"nick"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, hapax legomenon) to nick, to notch"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕʲɔsat͡ɕʲ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "ciosać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciosać meaning in Old Polish (11.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Masovia, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: attested in Masovia, hapax legomenon",
"path": [
"ciosać"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "ciosać",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.